The Prague groschen (Czech: pražský groš, Latin: grossi pragenses, German: Prager Groschen, Polish: Grosz praski) was a groschen-type silver coin that became very common throughout Medieval Central Europe.
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It is a silver coin with on the obverse the legend DEI GRATIA REX BOEMIE ("By the grace of God the King of Bohemia") and on the verso GROSSI PRAGENSIS ("Prague groschen"). The weight of the coin varies between 3.5 and 3.7 g with a fineness of 933/1000 of silver.
The groschen was subdivided into twelve parvus ("small") coins with a Bohemian heraldic lion sign on the obverse.
Minting of this coin started around 1300 after silver mines had been discovered in Kutná Hora during the reign of the Bohemian king Wenceslaus II. King Wenceslaus II invited the Italian lawyer Gozzius of Orvieto to create a mining code Ius regale montanorum which also was partly was a reform of the coinage. This, and the high amount of silver found in Kutná hora resulted in the implementation of Prague groschen. Because of the high amount of silver used in the coin it became one of the most popular of the early Groschen-type coins in medieval Europe.
In documents of the era, like the Peace of Thorn (1411), large amounts of money often were given in more convenient Latin: sexagena of Prague groschen, which equals to Czech: kopa = 5 dozen = ½ small gross = 60.
After the opening of new silver mines in Jáchymov (Joachimsthal) the Thaler, in the Bohemia known as tolar, came in use. In 1547, minting of Prague groschen was discontinued by Ferdinand I.
The inspiration came from France where groschen were used since 1266, and replaced old coins called denar. The name came from the Latin denarius grossus (English: thick denar).